The Complete Guide to Coin Grading: Understanding MS, AU, and VF Grades

Understanding Coin Grading Basics

Coin grading is the process of determining the physical condition of a coin, which directly impacts its value. The most widely accepted grading system uses a 70-point scale developed by Dr. William Sheldon.

The Sheldon Scale

The Sheldon Scale ranges from 1 (Poor) to 70 (Perfect Mint State). Here are the key grades every collector should know:

Mint State (MS-60 to MS-70)

These coins show no wear from circulation. MS-70 represents a perfect coin, while MS-60 shows minor imperfections.

About Uncirculated (AU-50 to AU-58)

These coins have slight wear on the highest points but retain most of their mint luster.

Extremely Fine (EF-40 to EF-45)

Light wear on the highest points, with all major details sharp and clear.

Very Fine (VF-20 to VF-35)

Moderate wear with major details still clear and bold.

Professional Grading Services

PCGS and NGC are the two most trusted grading services. Their certified grades are widely accepted in the marketplace and provide authentication along with grading.